A growing body of evidence shows that imbalances in the immune system and hyperactive neuroinflammatory responses may play a role in the development of PTSD. Although a commonly occurring disorder, the mechanisms underlying PTSD development remain unclear. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that develops after an individual is exposed to traumatic events.
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Our results demonstrated a critical role for microglial activation in PTSD development and a potential therapeutic strategy for the clinical treatment of PTSD in the form of microglial inhibition. Importantly, we found that genetic/pharmacological depletion of microglia or minocycline treatment before foot-shock exposure alleviated PTSD-associated anxiety and contextual fear. Furthermore, morphological analysis and gene expression profiling revealed temporal patterns of microglial activation in the hippocampus of the PTSD brains. The number of microglia and ratio of microglia to immunocytes was significantly increased on the fifth day of foot-shock exposure. We found microglia are the major brain immune cells that respond to PTSD. Genetic/pharmacological depletion of microglia or minocycline treatment before foot-shocks exposure was performed to study the role of microglia in PTSD development and progress. The gene expression changes of those microglia were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Microglia number and morphological changes in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala were analyzed by histopathological methods. We examined the immunocyte panorama in the brains of the naïve or PTSD mice by using single-cell mass cytometry.
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#Any maze freezing nature mouse plus#
We constructed a mouse PTSD model by electric foot-shocks followed by contextual reminders and verified the PTSD-related symptoms by behavior test (including contextual freezing test, open-field test, and elevated plus maze test). However, the nature of overall changes in brain immunocyte landscape in PTSD condition remains unclear.
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Alteration of immune status in the central nervous system (CNS) has been implicated in the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).